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Timeline of History
| Highlights Of Chinese History |
|
Year |
Period |
Development/Event |
| 1.6 Million BCE |
YuanMou Man |
Earliest human findings.
Stone tools and use of fire. |
| 700-500,000 BCE |
LanTian Man, Peking Man |
| 20,000 BCE |
Upper Cave Man |
| 5,000 BCE |
YangShao Culture |
Farming villages in the Yellow River Valleys, Painted pottery. |
| 2,500 BCE |
LongShan Culture |
East China and Central River Valleys. Wheel-made pottery. Divination and Ancestrial worship. |
| 2852-2205 BCE |
Three Rulers & Five Emperors |
Mythical rulers, credited with inventing farming, building, medicine, silk culture. |
| 2205-1766 BCE |
Xia Dynasty |
China's legendary first dynasty. Emperor Yu, is credited with flood control and irrigation systems. |
| 1766-1122 BCE |
Shang Dynasty |
First verifiable dynasty. Ritual bronze vessels and "oracle bones" calligraphy. Evidence of a relatively sophisticated medical system using acupuncture needles and medical observations inscribed. |
| 1122-256 BCE |
Zhou Dynasty |
Western Zhou later cited as a model period. Capital city near Xian. Confucius born in 551 BCE. Flowering in classical literature, arts, and philosophy; Confuciansim, Taoism. Lao Tze and Chuang Tze lived around this period. The first transporation canals were built. Internal alchemy, meditation, and breathing techniques were developed. |
| 770-256 BCE |
Eastern Zhou |
| 722-481 BCE |
Spring and Autumn |
| 403-221 BCE |
Warring States |
| 221-206 BCE |
Qin Dynasty |
Unification of China. State walls are joined to form the Great Wall. Palace and mausoleum near Xian, standardization of weights, measures, calligraphy. |
| 206 BCE-220 CE |
Han Dynasty |
Capitals at Changan and Luoyang rivals that of Rome. Buddhism enters China from India. Birth of Confucian civil service. Paper invented. |
| 206 BCE-9 CE |
Western Han |
| 25 CE-220 CE |
Eastern Han |
| 220-280 CE |
Three Kingdoms
Wei, Shu-Han, Wu |
Han generals divide empire. This period is romanticized as a time of chivalry and heorism in later literature. |
| 265-316 CE |
Western Jin |
China briefly united under one Emperor. Capitals at Luoyang, Changan. |
| 317-589 CE |
Southern and Northern Dynasties |
Succession of numerous dynasties, including 24 short-lived ones, on the north and south sides of the Yangtze. Developing period for Buddhism. Cave temples at Dunhuang, Yungang, and Longmen. |
| 317-420 CE |
Eastern Jin |
| 386-534 CE |
Northern Wei |
| 386-535 CE |
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Bohidarma (TaMo) arrives in China. Shaolin Monastery built and Shaolin boxing develops in the temples |
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| Highlights Of Chinese History |
|
Year |
Period |
Development/Event |
| 589-618 CE |
Sui Dynasty |
North conquers south and unites China. The Grand Canal is built. The capital is established at Changan. |
| 618-907 CE |
Tang Dynasty |
Scholarship and the Arts flouish. Gunpowder invented. Block (movable type) printing is invented. The silk road trade to Europe thrives. |
| 907-960 CE |
Five Dynasties (North) and Ten Kingdoms (South) |
A period of war and fragmentation as North and South divides into smaller kingdoms. |
| 960-1279 CE |
Song Dynasty |
High culture develops. Painting, Poetry, Calligraphy becomes mainstream. Military powers decline. The invention of the compass. The Jin invade the North, the Song moves capital from Kaifeng to Hangzhou. |
| 960-1127 CE |
Northern Song |
| 1127-1279 CE |
Southern Song |
| 1279-1368 CE |
Yuan Dynasty (Mongol) |
Kublai Khan conquers China. A new capital is established at Peking (Beijing) and the Grand Canal is extended to supply the capital. Marco Polo serves Khan in China. |
| 1360 CE |
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Zhang Sanfeng (Chang Sanfeng) travels to Wudang Mountains is generally credited with inventing the 13 postures of Taijiquan (T'ai Chi Ch'uan) |
| 1368-1644 CE |
Ming Dynasty |
Mongols are defeated. Strong Emperors bring about a very prosperous era. Building of the Forbidden City and Imperial Tombs. Arrival of Jesuits. Changan city changes it's name to Xian. |
| 1644-1911 CE |
Qing Dynasty (Manchu) |
Han People are subjugated by the Manchus. The neglected Forbidden City is restored and the Summer Palace is rebuilt. |
| 1839-1842 CE |
Foreign trade pressures leads to the Opium War. |
| 1850-1864 CE |
Taiping Rebellion in the south, Anti-Qing revolt is inspired by mixture of Chinese and Christian ideas. |
| 1858-1860 CE |
Anglo-French invasions at Canton, Tianjin. Foreign troops destroy the Summer Palace near Peking. |
| 1894-95 CE |
Sino-Japanese War. Japan dominates Korea and Taiwan |
| 1900 CE |
Anti-foreign Boxer Rebellion is suppressed by foreign troops. Qing court flees and Westerners occupy Peking. |
| 1911-1949 CE |
Republic of
China |
1911 Revolution. China attempted deomocratic government. |
| 1912 CE |
Sun Yat-Sen briefly serves as China's first president. Kuomintang (KMT) or Nationalist party is formed. |
| 1916 CE |
Warlord period begins. |
| 1921 CE |
Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is founded) |
| 1926-27 CE |
Joint KMT-CCP expedition against warlords has limited success, but causes a hostile division of the country. |
| 1934-35 CE |
Long march of the Communists to the northwest. |
| 1937-1945 CE |
Second Sino-Japanese War. KMT is led by Chian Kai-shek. American military aids during the World War II. Japan surrenders. |
| 1946-49 CE |
Civil war errupts between the KMT and the Communist Party (CCP). |
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| Highlights Of Chinese History |
|
Year |
Period |
Development/Event |
| 1949 CE-present |
People's Republic of China |
Nationalists flee to Taiwan. Mao Zedong proclaims the formation of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The soviets aid in the formation. |
| 1950-53 CE |
Korean War. PRC institutes land reforms. |
| 1954 |
PRC government officially recognized Traditional Medical Practice as a "legacy of the motherland" and encouraged parallel development of Western and Eastern medical practice. |
| 1956-57 CE |
One Hundred Flowers Movement. |
| 1958 CE |
Great Leap Forward. Communes are formed. |
| 1960 CE |
Soviet technicians withdraw their aid. |
| 1966 CE |
Ten-year Cultural Revolution begins. |
| 1972 CE |
USA President Richard M. Nixon visits Peking. |
| 1976 CE |
Premier Zhou Enlai and Chaiman Mao Zedong die. Infamous Gang of Four are arrested and sentenced in 1981. |
| 1977-78 CE |
Deng Xiaoping emerges as the preeminent leader of China. |
| 1979 CE |
USA and PRC establish diplomtic relations. |
| 1981-82 CE |
Tensions increase with USA over their recognition of Taiwan. |
| Note: Data compiled from various sources, including National Geographic Magazine and other miscellaneous sources of information. | |
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